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In this digital world, people have shifted their work on the web-platform. To keep your private and personal data secured from unauthorized person, there are numerous encryption software available for the PC systems and mobile phones. If you are using a Mac OS system, then you can choose from a variety of options available on the iTunes. In this article, we are going to review the latest FileVault 2 Encryption which is Apple’s personal Encryption Software.
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Apple has recently redesigned their encryption scheme for the Mac users which is why all the Encryption Software have changed their software and their functionality to work with the latest Apple’s Scheme. Out of all the Encryption Software, FileVault 2 Considered as the best one for the Mac OS systems.
What is FileVault 2?
Contents
FileVault 2 is a whole-disk encryption software which is redesigned by the developers. The previous edition has gained enough popularity in the digital platform. And now, we have a latest FileVault 2 Software for securing your Mac’s data from unauthorized persons.
The software encrypts the data on a Mac which helps you to prevent from unauthorized users. People who don’t have a decryption Key, will not be able to access through your system. It also asks the people for the account credentials.
How to enable FileVault 2 on a Mac OS?
Note: Before making any changes to your existing data or the system, make sure you take backup of your files and other data which is stored in your system. This helps you in restoring your data when something goes wrong with your system.
Step 1:
Go to the Applications folder from the Dock of your Mac system or from the Finder. Launch the Applications folder by clicking on its icon.
Step 2:
Now, click the System Preferences app from the menu.
Step 3:
From the Personal Section, you need to click on to Security and Privacy option.
Step 4:
In this section, you could see four different options from which, you need to select the FileVault option.
Step 5:
In the bottom left-corner, you would see the Lock button. Click on to this button using the Trackpad or Mouse.
Step 6:
Once you click the Lock button, you would be asked to enter an Administrator’s credentials I.e. your account’s username and password. Make sure you enter your Account’s Credentials from here.
Step 7:
After that, click on to the Unlock button.
Step 8:
The next page will show you Turn on FileVault button. You need to select this option.
Step 9:
Once you turn on the latest FileVault 2 on the Mac system, you will be displayed with a Recovery Key. This Key is needed to decrypt the hard drive encrypted by the FileVault 2 software.
Note: You need to manually enter this Key every time you need an access of the Hard Drive which is encrypted. Make sure you keep this Key stored at a safe place.
Step 10:
You can also keep it stored on the Apple’s Cloud and you will be asked whether to keep the password stored with Apple. You can select any option from here as per your requirements.
Step 11:
At last, you will be prompt with a message asking for Restarting the system. Click on to the Restart button to make effective changes on your system.
This is how you can enable Apple’s latest encryption software FileVault 2. If you are working on a system which has critical data, you should use this scheme offered by Apple to safeguard your important data from other users.
FileVault 2 Availability
FileVault 2 is available for the Mac users who are running their systems on a recent edition of macOSs. If you are using an older version of macOS, then you will be able to use the first edition, FileVault which also does the same thing to your system.
Download FileVault 2
FileVault 2 comes as a built-in Software for the Mac systems, and you don’t need to download this software especially if you are using a latest version of the MacOS. This program is turned off by default and you have to enable it for encrypting the disk. Above-mentioned steps will help you out enabling this program.
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This article provides an overview of how encryption is used in Microsoft Azure. It covers the major areas of encryption, including encryption at rest, encryption in flight, and key management with Azure Key Vault. Each section includes links to more detailed information.
Encryption of data at rest
Data at rest includes information that resides in persistent storage on physical media, in any digital format. The media can include files on magnetic or optical media, archived data, and data backups. Microsoft Azure offers a variety of data storage solutions to meet different needs, including file, disk, blob, and table storage. Microsoft also provides encryption to protect Azure SQL Database, Azure Cosmos DB, and Azure Data Lake.
Data encryption at rest is available for services across the software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS) cloud models. This article summarizes and provides resources to help you use the Azure encryption options.
For a more detailed discussion of how data at rest is encrypted in Azure, see Azure Data Encryption-at-Rest.
Azure encryption models
Azure supports various encryption models, including server-side encryption that uses service-managed keys, customer-managed keys in Key Vault, or customer-managed keys on customer-controlled hardware. With client-side encryption, you can manage and store keys on-premises or in another secure location.
Client-side encryption
Client-side encryption is performed outside of Azure. It includes:
With client-side encryption, cloud service providers don’t have access to the encryption keys and cannot decrypt this data. You maintain complete control of the keys.
Server-side encryption
The three server-side encryption models offer different key management characteristics, which you can choose according to your requirements:
Azure disk encryption
You can protect Windows and Linux virtual machines by using Azure disk encryption, which uses Windows BitLocker technology and Linux DM-Crypt to protect both operating system disks and data disks with full volume encryption.
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Encryption keys and secrets are safeguarded in your Azure Key Vault subscription. By using the Azure Backup service, you can back up and restore encrypted virtual machines (VMs) that use Key Encryption Key (KEK) configuration.
Azure Storage Service Encryption
Data at rest in Azure Blob storage and Azure file shares can be encrypted in both server-side and client-side scenarios.
Azure Storage Service Encryption (SSE) can automatically encrypt data before it is stored, and it automatically decrypts the data when you retrieve it. The process is completely transparent to users. Storage Service Encryption uses 256-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption, which is one of the strongest block ciphers available. AES handles encryption, decryption, and key management transparently.
Client-side encryption of Azure blobs
You can perform client-side encryption of Azure blobs in various ways.
You can use the Azure Storage Client Library for .NET NuGet package to encrypt data within your client applications prior to uploading it to your Azure storage.
To learn more about and download the Azure Storage Client Library for .NET NuGet package, see Windows Azure Storage 8.3.0.
When you use client-side encryption with Key Vault, your data is encrypted using a one-time symmetric Content Encryption Key (CEK) that is generated by the Azure Storage client SDK. The CEK is encrypted using a Key Encryption Key (KEK), which can be either a symmetric key or an asymmetric key pair. You can manage it locally or store it in Key Vault. The encrypted data is then uploaded to Azure Storage.
To learn more about client-side encryption with Key Vault and get started with how-to instructions, see Tutorial: Encrypt and decrypt blobs in Azure Storage by using Key Vault.
Finally, you can also use the Azure Storage Client Library for Java to perform client-side encryption before you upload data to Azure Storage, and to decrypt the data when you download it to the client. This library also supports integration with Key Vault for storage account key management.
Encryption of data at rest with Azure SQL Database
Azure SQL Database is a general-purpose relational database service in Azure that supports structures such as relational data, JSON, spatial, and XML. SQL Database supports both server-side encryption via the Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) feature and client-side encryption via the Always Encrypted feature.
Transparent Data Encryption
TDE is used to encrypt SQL Server, Azure SQL Database, and Azure SQL Data Warehouse data files in real time, using a Database Encryption Key (DEK), which is stored in the database boot record for availability during recovery.
TDE protects data and log files, using AES and Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) encryption algorithms. Encryption of the database file is performed at the page level. The pages in an encrypted database are encrypted before they are written to disk and are decrypted when they’re read into memory. TDE is now enabled by default on newly created Azure SQL databases.
Always Encrypted feature
With the Always Encrypted feature in Azure SQL you can encrypt data within client applications prior to storing it in Azure SQL Database. You can also enable delegation of on-premises database administration to third parties and maintain separation between those who own and can view the data and those who manage it but should not have access to it.
Cell-level or column-level encryption
With Azure SQL Database, you can apply symmetric encryption to a column of data by using Transact-SQL. This approach is called cell-level encryption or column-level encryption (CLE), because you can use it to encrypt specific columns or even specific cells of data with different encryption keys. Doing so gives you more granular encryption capability than TDE, which encrypts data in pages.
CLE has built-in functions that you can use to encrypt data by using either symmetric or asymmetric keys, the public key of a certificate, or a passphrase using 3DES.
Cosmos DB database encryption
Azure Cosmos DB is Microsoft's globally distributed, multi-model database. User data that's stored in Cosmos DB in non-volatile storage (solid-state drives) is encrypted by default. There are no controls to turn it on or off. Encryption at rest is implemented by using a number of security technologies, including secure key storage systems, encrypted networks, and cryptographic APIs. Encryption keys are managed by Microsoft and are rotated per Microsoft internal guidelines.
Enterprise Encryption SoftwareAt-rest encryption in Data Lake
Azure Data Lake is an enterprise-wide repository of every type of data collected in a single place prior to any formal definition of requirements or schema. Data Lake Store supports 'on by default,' transparent encryption of data at rest, which is set up during the creation of your account. By default, Azure Data Lake Store manages the keys for you, but you have the option to manage them yourself.
Three types of keys are used in encrypting and decrypting data: the Master Encryption Key (MEK), Data Encryption Key (DEK), and Block Encryption Key (BEK). The MEK is used to encrypt the DEK, which is stored on persistent media, and the BEK is derived from the DEK and the data block. If you are managing your own keys, you can rotate the MEK.
Mac Encryption And Vpn Software FreeEncryption of data in transit
Azure offers many mechanisms for keeping data private as it moves from one location to another.
Data-link Layer encryption in Azure
Whenever Azure Customer traffic moves between datacenters-- outside physical boundaries not controlled by Microsoft (or on behalf of Microsoft)-- as available in Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, and Windows 10. It allows cross-region access and even access on the desktop.
Client-side encryption encrypts the data before it’s sent to your Azure Storage instance, so that it’s encrypted as it travels across the network.
SMB encryption over Azure virtual networks
By using SMB 3.0 in VMs that are running Windows Server 2012 or later, you can make data transfers secure by encrypting data in transit over Azure Virtual Networks. By encrypting data, you help protect against tampering and eavesdropping attacks. Administrators can enable SMB encryption for the entire server, or just specific shares.
By default, after SMB encryption is turned on for a share or server, only SMB 3.0 clients are allowed to access the encrypted shares.
In-transit encryption in VMs
Data in transit to, from, and between VMs that are running Windows can be encrypted in a number of ways, depending on the nature of the connection.
RDP sessions
You can connect and sign in to a VM by using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) from a Windows client computer, or from a Mac with an RDP client installed. Data in transit over the network in RDP sessions can be protected by TLS.
You can also use Remote Desktop to connect to a Linux VM in Azure.
Secure access to Linux VMs with SSH
For remote management, you can use Secure Shell (SSH) to connect to Linux VMs running in Azure. SSH is an encrypted connection protocol that allows secure sign-ins over unsecured connections. It is the default connection protocol for Linux VMs hosted in Azure. By using SSH keys for authentication, you eliminate the need for passwords to sign in. SSH uses a public/private key pair (asymmetric encryption) for authentication.
![]() Azure VPN encryption
You can connect to Azure through a virtual private network that creates a secure tunnel to protect the privacy of the data being sent across the network.
![]() Azure VPN gateways
You can use an Azure VPN gateway to send encrypted traffic between your virtual network and your on-premises location across a public connection, or to send traffic between virtual networks.
Site-to-site VPNs use IPsec for transport encryption. Azure VPN gateways use a set of default proposals. You can configure Azure VPN gateways to use a custom IPsec/IKE policy with specific cryptographic algorithms and key strengths, rather than the Azure default policy sets.
Point-to-site VPNs
Point-to-site VPNs allow individual client computers access to an Azure virtual network. The Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) is used to create the VPN tunnel. It can traverse firewalls (the tunnel appears as an HTTPS connection). You can use your own internal public key infrastructure (PKI) root certificate authority (CA) for point-to-site connectivity.
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You can configure a point-to-site VPN connection to a virtual network by using the Azure portal with certificate authentication or PowerShell.
To learn more about point-to-site VPN connections to Azure virtual networks, see:
Site-to-site VPNs
You can use a site-to-site VPN gateway connection to connect your on-premises network to an Azure virtual network over an IPsec/IKE (IKEv1 or IKEv2) VPN tunnel. This type of connection requires an on-premises VPN device that has an external-facing public IP address assigned to it.
You can configure a site-to-site VPN connection to a virtual network by using the Azure portal, PowerShell, or Azure CLI.
For more information, see:
In-transit encryption in Data Lake
Data in transit (also known as data in motion) is also always encrypted in Data Lake Store. In addition to encrypting data prior to storing it in persistent media, the data is also always secured in transit by using HTTPS. HTTPS is the only protocol that is supported for the Data Lake Store REST interfaces.
To learn more about encryption of data in transit in Data Lake, see Encryption of data in Data Lake Store.
Key management with Key Vault
Without proper protection and management of the keys, encryption is rendered useless. Key Vault is the Microsoft-recommended solution for managing and controlling access to encryption keys used by cloud services. Permissions to access keys can be assigned to services or to users through Azure Active Directory accounts.
Key Vault relieves organizations of the need to configure, patch, and maintain hardware security modules (HSMs) and key management software. When you use Key Vault, you maintain control. Microsoft never sees your keys, and applications don’t have direct access to them. You can also import or generate keys in HSMs.
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